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Antibodies for Cancer Research

Targeted cancer therapy has become a new generation of cancer treatment, one which delivers drugs to specific carriers and interferes with the specific target molecules that play a critical role in tumor growth or progression (1). For example, exosomes, small vesicles expressing specific surface markers (CD81, CD63, and CD9), play roles in cancer progression and tumorigenesis and can potentially be used as a target for immunotherapy, such as a carrier of chemotherapy and cancer vaccines (2, 3). On the other hand, programmed death 1 protein (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) expressed on activated T-cells, mediate immunosuppression by binding to PD-1 ligands (PD-L1 or PD-L2) and CTLA-4 ligands (CD 80 or CD86), respectively. Inhibiting the interaction between PD-1/CTLA-4 and their ligands can lead to anti-tumor activity (5, 6). Chondrex,Inc provides monoclonal antibodies against human CD9 and CD63 for exosome research and mouse PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4 antibodies for cancer research.

Interleukin (IL)-10 is secreted by a variety of cells including macrophages, T cells, B cells, and mast cells. When IL-10 dimerizes and binds receptor molecules, IL-10R1 and IL-10R2, the event initiates anti-inflammatory cascades which include activation of the Janus kinase family to limit secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF, IL-1, IL-6, and IL-12. Chondrex, Inc. provides IL-10 receptor antibodies which recognize mouse IL-10R1 molecules, amino acid sequence 188- 202: CVKVLPRLESRINKA, and work for ELISA and WB analysis.

Antibodies for Cancer Research

Product Catalog # Price (USD)
Mouse Anti-Human CD63 IgG Monoclonal Antibody, Clone 1B12E10 7119 246.00
Mouse Anti-Human CD63 IgG Monoclonal Antibody, Clone 1B9C2 7118 246.00
Mouse Anti-Human CD9 IgG Monoclonal Antibody, Clone 1H1H7 7114 246.00
Mouse Anti-Mouse CTLA4 IgG1 Monoclonal Antibody, Clone 3B8C7 7130 246.00
Mouse Anti-Mouse CTLA4 IgG2a Monoclonal Antibody, Clone 2H9G9, 2 mg/ml x 5 ml 7133 540.00
Mouse Anti-Mouse CTLA4 IgG2a Monoclonal Antibody, Clone 4E12D1 7131 246.00
Mouse Anti-Mouse PD-1 IgG Monoclonal Antibody, Clone 2H2H11 7123 246.00
Mouse Anti-Mouse PD-L1 IgG Monoclonal Antibody, Clone 3A9F12 7122 246.00
Mouse Anti-Mouse PD-L1 IgG2b Monoclonal Antibody, Clone 3H9G2, 2 mg/ml x 5 ml 7134 540.00

Antibodies for Mouse IL-10 Receptor (IL-10RA)

Product Catalog # Price (USD)
Mouse Anti-Mouse Interleukin 10 Receptor (IL-10RA) IgG1 Monoclonal Antibody, Clone 3H10A10 7143 246.00
Mouse Anti-Mouse Interleukin 10 Receptor (IL-10RA) IgG2a Monoclonal Antibody, Clone 2B8A1 7144 246.00
Mouse Anti-Mouse Interleukin 10 Receptor (IL-10RA) IgG2b Monoclonal Antibody, Clone 2E2E11 7145 246.00
Mouse Anti-Mouse Interleukin 10 Receptor (IL-10RA) IgM Monoclonal Antibody, Clone 2C1C10 7146 246.00

 

Background of Targeted Cancer Therapies

Cancer can be considered as an inability of the host to eliminate transformed cells. Surgery is the primary method of treatment for most isolated solid cancers and may work to prolong survival. However, chemotherapy and radiation are generally still used to treat many types of cancers. Recently, targeted therapy has emerged as a new generation of cancer drugs designed to interfere with specific target molecules (proteins) that are believed to have a critical role in tumor growth or progression. Furthermore, these new therapeutics and drug designs have been used for improving current drug therapies. (1).

1) Exosome for drug delivery system
Exosomes are small vesicles, 30–100 nm in diameter, that contain membrane-bound receptors and carry proteins and miRNAs. Exosomes can be distinguished by size and specific surface markers including CD81, CD63, and CD9. Also, cancer patients have unusually high levels of exosomes in bodily fluids, suggesting that exosomes play a role in cancer progression and tumorigenesis. Unlike synthetic nanoparticles, exosomes are biocompatible and biodegradable, and thus have low toxicity and immunogenicity, making them ideal for drug loading and delivering chemotherapy and cancer vaccines (2, 3).

2) Immune-checkpoint therapy
Tumors develop multiple resistance mechanisms, including local immune suppression (4). Programmed death 1 protein (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) are key immune checkpoint receptors expressed by activated T-cells, and they mediate immunosuppression by binding to PD-1 ligands (PD-L1 and PD-L2) and CTLA-4 ligands (B7-1 and B7-2), respectively, which are expressed by tumor cells. Inhibition of the interactions between PD-1/CTLA-4 and their ligands can enhance T-cell responses, leading to anti-tumor activity (5, 6).
 

 

References:

1.    C. Sawyers. Targeted cancer therapy. Nature 10, 1–4 (2004).

2.    J. Wang, Y. Zheng, M. Zhao, Exosome-Based Cancer Therapy: Implication for Targeting Cancer Stem Cells. Front. Pharmacol. 7, 4360–11 (2017).

3.    Y. Fujita, Y. Yoshioka, T. Ochiya, Extracellular vesicle transfer of cancer pathogenic components. Cancer Sci. 107, 385–390 (2016).

4.    C. Wang et al., In Vitro Characterization of the Anti-PD-1 Antibody Nivolumab, BMS-936558, and In Vivo Toxicology in Non-Human Primates. Cancer Immunology Research. 2, 846–856 (2014).

5.    S. L. Topalian et al., Safety, Activity, and Immune Correlates of Anti–PD-1 Antibody in Cancer. N Engl J Med. 366, 2443–2454 (2012).

6.    E. I. Buchbinder, A. Desai, CTLA-4 and PD-1 Pathways. American Journal of Clinical Oncology. 39, 98–106 (2016).